Vol. 35 No. 2 (2026): Nordic Journal of African Studies
General articles

Akan Noun-Noun Compounds: A Construction Morphology Account

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Clement Kwamina Insaidoo Appah
University of Ghana
Bio
Obed Nii Broohm
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Bio
Levina Abunya
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Bio

Published 2026-06-25

Keywords

  • Akan,
  • Construction Morphology,
  • constructional schema,
  • endocentric,
  • exocentric,
  • noun-noun compound
    • ...More
    Less

Copyright (c) 2026 Clement Kwamina Insaidoo Appah, Obed Nii Broohm, Levina Abunya

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Akan Noun-Noun Compounds: A Construction Morphology Account. (2026). Nordic Journal of African Studies, 35(2), 338–374. https://doi.org/10.53228/k0ard951

Abstract

This paper presents a discussion of Akan noun-noun compounds and a Construction Morphology account of their properties. Noun-noun compounds are the most studied type of compounds cross-linguistically, with studies revealing interesting issues about their nature, including their productivity, the variable semantic relations between the constituents, and the overall interpretation of the compounds. However, there is currently no study dedicated to the morphological and semantic properties of noun-noun compounds in Akan. Existing studies focus mainly on the phonology of the compounds and on other features like exocentricity in relation to which aspects of noun-noun compounds are discussed. Based on a dataset of over 200 Akan noun-noun compounds, this paper identifies various classes, including endocentric and exocentric types based on whether or not a head constituent is present, showing that the endocentric types are predominantly right-headed, consistent with observed crosslinguistic patterns. The range of possible interpretations of newly formed Akan noun-noun compounds also varies, depending on the semantic relation between the constituents and the pragmatic context, although for established compounds, there seem to be generally recognized fixed relations between the constituents that mediate their conventionalized interpretation. However, even they may be subject to other context-specific interpretations on occasion. Thus, for the Construction Morphology account, the relation between the constituents is specified as R at an abstract level, and spelt out concretely for compounds individually.

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